Lasse HansenEchoScout GmbH, Lübeck, DE, Wiebke HeyerInstitute of Medical Informatics, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, DE, Christoph GroßbröhmerInstitute of Medical Informatics, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, DE, Frederic MadestaInstitute of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, DE
Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, DE, Thilo SentkerInstitute of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, DE
Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, DE, Wang JiazhengSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, CN, Yuxi ZhangSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, CN, Hang ZhangCornell University, New York, US, Min LiuSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, CN, Junyi WangUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, CN, Xi ZhuUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, CN, Yuhua LiMechanical Engineering Department, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN, Liwen WangMechanical Engineering Department, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN, Daniil MorozovHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US
Technical University of Munich, Munich, DE, Nazim HaouchineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US, Joel HonkamaaAalto University, Espoo, FI, Pekka MarttinenAalto University, Espoo, FI, Yichao ZhouCanon Medical Systems (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, CN, Zuopeng TanCanon Medical Systems (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, CN, Zhuoyuan WangSmart Medical Imaging, Learning and Engineering (SMLE) Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, CN, Yi WangSmart Medical Imaging, Learning and Engineering (SMLE) Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, CN, Hongchao ZhouSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, CN, Shunbo HuSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, CN, Yi ZhangDepartment of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NL, Qian TaoDepartment of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NL, Lukas FörnerClinical Computational Medical Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, DE, Thomas WendlerClinical Computational Medical Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, DE, Bailiang JianTechnical University of Munich, Munich, DE
TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, DE, Christian WachingerTechnical University of Munich, Munich, DE
TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, DE, Jin KimUniversity of California, Los Angeles, US, Dan RuanUniversity of California, Los Angeles, US, Marek WodzinskiAGH University of Krakow, Krakow, PL
Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Krakow, PL, Henning MüllerInstitute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Sierre, CH
Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva,CH, Tony C.W. MokHong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, HK, Xi JiaSchool of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Jinming DuanSchool of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Mikael BrudforsNVIDIA Ltd., London, UK, Seyed-Ahmad AhmadiNVIDIA GmbH, Munich, DE, Yunzheng ZhuMedical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, US, William HsuMedical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, US, Tina KapurHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US, William M. WellsHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US, Alexandra GolbyHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US, Aaron CarassJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, US, Harrison BaiJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, US, Yihao LiuVanderbilt University, Nashville, US, Perrine Paul-GilloteauxNantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, F44000 Nantes, FR, Joakim LindbladUppsala Universitet, Uppsala, SE, Nataša SladojeUppsala Universitet, Uppsala, SE, Andreas WalterAalen University, Aalen, DE, Junyu ChenJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, US, Reuben DorentHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US
National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control, Paris, FR, Alessa HeringRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, NL
These authors contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship., Mattias P. HeinrichInstitute of Medical Informatics, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, DE
These authors contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship.

Akis LinardosDivision of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Center for Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Sarthak PatiDivision of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Center for Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Medical AI Group, MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA, Ujjwal BaidDivision of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Center for Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Brandon EdwardsIntel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA, Patrick FoleyIntel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA, Kevin TaIntel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA, Verena ChungSage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA, Micah ShellerMedical AI Group, MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA
Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA, Muhammad Irfan KhanTurku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland, Mojtaba JafaritadiStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, Elina KontioTurku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland, Suleiman KhanTurku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland, Leon MächlerEcole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France, Ivan EzhovTechnical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, Suprosanna ShitTechnical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, Johannes C. PaetzoldWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA, Gustav GrimbergEzri AI Labs, Paris, France, Manuel A. NickelTechnical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, David NaccacheEcole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France, Vasilis SiomosCity St George’s, University of London, UK, Jonathan Passerat-PalmbachImperial College London, London, UK, Giacomo TarroniCity St George’s, University of London, UK
Imperial College London, London, UK, Daewoon KimSeoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Leonard L. KlausmannOstbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Germany, Prashant ShahIntel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA, Bjoern MenzeUniversität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Dimitrios MakrisKingston University London, London, UK, Spyridon BakasDivision of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Center for Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Medical AI Group, MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA
Kingston University London, London, UK
Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Neurological Surgery; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Department of Computer Science, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA